{"id":407,"date":"2019-08-17T10:38:28","date_gmt":"2019-08-17T10:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.epoxdemo.com.tr\/eyubogluas\/?p=407"},"modified":"2023-01-30T10:11:25","modified_gmt":"2023-01-30T10:11:25","slug":"taninmis-marka-kriterleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/taninmis-marka-kriterleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka Kriterleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bu yaz\u0131da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu Uluslar aras\u0131 Anla\u015fmalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka konusunda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenlemelerle ilgili yorumlara, ayr\u0131ca uluslar aras\u0131 d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, markalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan mevzuat, 27.06.1995 tarih ve 22326 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Markalar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamedir. 556 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7\/1-\u0131 bendi, \u201csahibi taraf\u0131ndan izin verilmeyen Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1 inci m\u00fckerrer 6 nc\u0131 maddesine g\u00f6re tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar\u201d \u0131n tescil edilemeyece\u011fine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenleme getirmi\u015ftir. 556 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7 nci maddesi marka tesciline mutlak ret nedenlerini d\u00fczenlemektedir. Mutlak ret nedenleri, T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan re\u2019sen g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmakta ve bu maddede say\u0131lan nedenlerden birinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde ba\u015fvurunun reddine karar verilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

556 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan maddesiyle, at\u0131fta bulunulan Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 1 inci m\u00fckerrer maddesinin 1 inci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u201cBirlik \u00dclkeleri tescilin talep edildi\u011fi \u00fclkenin yetkili makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, s\u00f6z konusu \u00fclkede bu Antla\u015fmadan yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 kabul olunan bir \u015fahsa ait oldu\u011fu, ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 herkes\u00e7e bilindi\u011fi m\u00fctalaa edilen bir markan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa meydan verebilecek surette \u00f6rne\u011fini, taklidini veya terc\u00fcmesini yapan bir fabrika veya ticaret markas\u0131n\u0131n tescilini gerek \u00fclke mevzuat\u0131 m\u00fcsait oldu\u011fu taktir de do\u011frudan, do\u011fruya, gerekse ilgilinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine ret veya h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131lmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ederler. Herkes\u00e7e bilinen bir markan\u0131n esas unsurunun \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya bunlarla bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k do\u011furabilecek bir taklitten ibaret olursa, durum yukar\u0131dakinin ayn\u0131s\u0131 olur\u201d \u015feklindedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 maddenin 2. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise bu t\u00fcr markalar\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131n terkininin istenmesi i\u00e7in, tescil tarihinden itibaren en az be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcrenin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme, birlik memleketlerini kullanman\u0131n menini talep i\u00e7in bir m\u00fchlet derpi\u015f etmekte serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maddenin 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise \u201csuiniyetle tescil edilen markan\u0131n terkinini, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemek i\u00e7in s\u00fcre tespit edilemez\u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin bu h\u00fckm\u00fc, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 kabul olunan bir \u015fahsa ait oldu\u011fu herkes\u00e7e bilinen bir markan\u0131n ayn\u0131 veya benzeri \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa meydan verebilecek surette \u00f6rne\u011finin, taklidinin veya terc\u00fcmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, Birlik \u00fclkelerine, taklit markan\u0131n tescilinin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 taahh\u00fct etme zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu maddenin uygulama alan\u0131 bulabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yararlanaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilen bir \u015fahs\u0131n mevcudiyeti gerekmektedir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 2 nci maddesi, \u201cBirlik memleketlerinden her birinin vatanda\u015flar\u0131, di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn birlik memleketlerinde s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyetin korunmas\u0131 ile ilgili kanunlar\u0131n tebaya bug\u00fcn tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ileride tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131 menfaatlerden, bu Antla\u015fma ile ayr\u0131ca derpi\u015f edilmi\u015f haklara halel gelmemek \u015fart\u0131yla istifade edeceklerdir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc amirdir. Buna g\u00f6re birlik \u00fclkelerinin her biri, Antla\u015fmaya taraf di\u011fer \u00fclke vatanda\u015flar\u0131na, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 ile ilgili olarak, kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 muameleyi uygulayacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 3 nc\u00fc maddesi \u201cbirli\u011fe dahil olmayan devletlerinden vatanda\u015flar\u0131ndan olup birli\u011fe dahil \u00fclkelerden birinin topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde oturan veya ger\u00e7ek ve ciddi s\u0131nai veya ticari m\u00fcesseseye sahip bulunanlar birlik memleketleri tebaas\u0131 gibi muamele g\u00f6r\u00fcrler\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc ile kapsam\u0131 biraz daha geni\u015fletmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maddenin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ikinci ko\u015ful, herkes\u00e7e bilinen bir markan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Herkes\u00e7e bilinmeden kastedilenin, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka oldu\u011fu a\u015fikard\u0131r. Ancak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile neyin kastedildi\u011fi, bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in hangi kriterlere sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi a\u00e7\u0131klamalara, s\u00f6zle\u015fme metni i\u00e7erisinde yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken kriterleri yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n devam\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maddenin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in gereken \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ko\u015ful, herkes\u00e7e bilinen markan\u0131n, ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 veya benzer \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile Markalar\u0131n Tescili Amac\u0131yla Mal ve Hizmetlerin Uluslar Aras\u0131 S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Nice Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Uygulanmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Tebli\u011f h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde olu\u015fturulan mal ve hizmet s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 kastedilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maddenin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen son ko\u015ful ise, herkes\u00e7e bilinen markan\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa meydan verebilecek surette \u00f6rne\u011finin, taklidinin veya terc\u00fcmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7\/1-\u0131 bendi, Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1 inci m\u00fckerrer 6 nc\u0131 maddesine g\u00f6re tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar\u0131n tescil edilip edilemeyece\u011fini, marka sahibinin iznine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka sahibinin muvafakat etmesi halinde, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir \u015fah\u0131s ad\u0131na tescil edilebilecektir. Ancak bu iznin, sonraki marka ba\u015fvurusunun, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile ayn\u0131 veya benzeri mal ve hizmetleri kapsamas\u0131 halinde kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u0130znin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ispatlanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, muvafakatin yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak verilmesi tercih edilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 8 inci maddesi nispi ret nedenlerini d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bu madde, bir marka ba\u015fvurusunun Resmi Marka B\u00fclteninde ilan\u0131 \u00fczerine, markan\u0131n tescil edilmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde itiraz edilmesi halinde uygulama alan\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131r. Maddenin 4 \u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cmarka tescil edilmi\u015f veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir markan\u0131n ayn\u0131 veya benzeri olmakla birlikte, farkl\u0131 mallar veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131labilir. Ancak, tescil edilmi\u015f veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n, toplumda ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi nedeniyle haks\u0131z bir yarar\u0131n sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi, markan\u0131n itibar\u0131na zarar verilebilece\u011fi veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici karakterini zedeleyici sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fi durumda, tescil edilmi\u015f veya tescil i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurusu daha \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir marka sahibinin, farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131lacak olsa bile, sonraki markan\u0131n tescil ba\u015fvurusu reddedilir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc amirdir. Bu d\u00fczenleme 89\/104 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00f6nergenin 4.4.a maddesinden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u00f6nerge\u2019de, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcne zarar verilmesine veya itibar\u0131n\u0131n zedelenmesine neden olabilecek hallerde markan\u0131n ayn\u0131n\u0131 veya benzerinin farkl\u0131 mal\/hizmetler i\u00e7in tescil edilemeyece\u011fini ya da tescil edilmi\u015fse, bu sonraki tescilin iptal edilece\u011fini h\u00fckme ba\u011flama konusunda, \u00fcye devletlere se\u00e7im imkan\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Y\u00f6nerge, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ayn\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra benzerinin de farkl\u0131 mal ve hizmetlerde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n engellenebilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde d\u00fczenleme getirmi\u015ftir. 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 8\/4 \u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a benzer markadan s\u00f6z edilmemi\u015fse de, gerek f\u0131kran\u0131n birinci c\u00fcmlesi i\u00e7erisinde yer almas\u0131 ve gerekse kaynak metin olan 89\/104 say\u0131l\u0131 Y\u00f6nerge\u2019deki d\u00fczenleme nedeniyle, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka sahibinin, benzer markalar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de itiraz hakk\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Ayn\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 9\/1-c bendi, marka sahibine, \u201d tescilli marka ile ayn\u0131 veya benzer olan ve tescilli markan\u0131n kapsam\u0131na giren mal ve hizmetlerle benzer olmayan mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, tescili istenen i\u015faretin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla tescilli markan\u0131n itibar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 haks\u0131z avantaj elde edecek veya tescilli markan\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici karakterine zarar verecek nitelikteki her hangi bir i\u015faretin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d yasaklama yetkisi vermekle, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi destekler mahiyettedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7 ve 8 inci maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka kavramlar\u0131, birbirinden farkl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan sadece bir kez yay\u0131nlanan ve g\u00fcncellenmeyen Resmi Marka Gazetesi \u00d6zel Say\u0131s\u0131nda, 1883 tarihli Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1. M\u00fckerrer 6. Maddesi ve 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7\/1-\u0131 bendine g\u00f6re tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olarak kabul edilen markalar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, bu \u00d6zel Say\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131n\u0131ndan sonra tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka stat\u00fcs\u00fcne al\u0131nan markalar da mevcut olup bu kararlar Resmi Marka B\u00fcltenlerinde yay\u0131nlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu say\u0131da yay\u0131nlanan markalardan bir ka\u00e7\u0131 BEKO, BMW, AR\u00c7EL\u0130K, CAMEL, COCA-COLA, GRUND\u0130G, KODAK, LACOSTE, MERCEDES, MARLBORO gibi markalard\u0131r. Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname 8\/4 anlam\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n farkl\u0131 mal ve hizmetler i\u00e7in de tescili m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme nispi ret nedenleri aras\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, marka ba\u015fvurusunun ilan\u0131 \u00fczerine ilgili \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin itirazda bulunmalar\u0131 halinde de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131n\u0131r ve sonu\u00e7 olarak T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nce karara ba\u011flan\u0131r. Oysa Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1. M\u00fckerrer 6. Maddesine at\u0131fta bulunan Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7\/1-\u0131 bendi mutlak ret nedenlerinden birisidir ve b\u00f6yle bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde Enstit\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak re-sen inceleme sonucunda ba\u015fvurunun reddine karar verilir. Bu nedenle tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir markan\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa meydana verebilecek surette \u00f6rne\u011finin, marka sahibinden farkl\u0131 bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan tescili i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunuldu\u011fu taktirde, Y\u00f6netmelikte \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f olsa bile, red karar\u0131na muhatap kalmamak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuru evrak\u0131 ile birlikte, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka sahibi taraf\u0131ndan verilen izin belgesinin de verilmesi ba\u015fvuru sahibinin yarar\u0131na olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka konusunda d\u00fczenleme getiren bir ba\u015fka uluslar aras\u0131 anla\u015fma da D\u00fcnya Ticaret \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc Anla\u015fmas\u0131 Eki Ticaretle Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Haklar\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. (TRIPs). Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n 16\/3 maddesi \u201cParis S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin (1967) 6 nc\u0131 m\u00fckerrer maddesi, markan\u0131n tescil edildi\u011fi mal veya hizmetlere benzemeyen mal veya hizmetlere de gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak uygulanacakt\u0131r, ancak \u015fu ko\u015fulla ki, markan\u0131n bu mal veya hizmetlerle ilgili kullan\u0131m\u0131, bu mal veya hizmetlerle tescilli markan\u0131n sahibi aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeli ve bu kullan\u0131m \u015fekli nedeniyle tescilli ticari marka sahibinin menfaatlerinin zarar g\u00f6rme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc amirdir. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen koruma kapsam\u0131na farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetler de dahil edilmi\u015f, yani Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile getirilen tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anla\u015fman\u0131n 16\/2 inci f\u0131kras\u0131 \u201cParis S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin (1967) 6 nc\u0131 m\u00fckerrer maddesi, gerekli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak hizmetlere de uygulanacakt\u0131r. \u00dcyeler, bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit ederken, markan\u0131n promosyonu sonucunda kazan\u0131lan herkes\u00e7e bilinme durumunu dikkate alacaklard\u0131r \u201d d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken kriterlere ilk kez bu anla\u015fmada genel bir ifade ile yer verildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 kriterler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 k\u0131saca toparlarsak, \u00fclkede geni\u015f bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m a\u011f\u0131na sahip olan, ait oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rde iyi bilinen ve bu bilinmi\u015fli\u011fi promosyon yolu ile kazanan markalar tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilecektir. Bir markan\u0131n, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olarak kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan kriterlere sahip olmas\u0131 veya en az\u0131ndan o markan\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 emtialar\u0131 t\u00fcketen orta d\u00fczeyde t\u00fcketiciler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131, yani emtia ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 veya o emtia s\u00f6ylendi\u011finde akla o markan\u0131n gelmesi gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markadan s\u00f6z edilebilmesi i\u00e7in reklam g\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00fcksek, kalite sembol\u00fc haline gelmi\u015f bir markan\u0131n, sadece o markay\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan mal ve hizmetlerle ilgili \u00e7evre indinde de\u011fil, bu \u00e7evre d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, o mal ve hizmetle ilgisi olmayan ki\u015filerce de bilinmesi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130svi\u00e7re Federal Mahkemesi, \u201cYeni Rak\u0131\u201d markas\u0131n\u0131n, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de Paris Konvansiyonunun 6. Maddesine g\u00f6re korunmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda, bu markan\u0131n \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131n\u0131p tan\u0131mamas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar vermi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 kararda ayr\u0131ca Paris Konvansiyonu\u2019nun 6. Maddesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, Yeni Rak\u0131 markas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ko\u015fulunun aranmayaca\u011f\u0131na da de\u011finilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi, farkl\u0131 tarihlerde verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gereken kriterleri belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi\u2019nin 10.04.1997 tarih ve 1997\/1920 8211; 1997\/2708 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda, davac\u0131n\u0131n dava konusu markay\u0131, \u201c1980 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri ihdas ve istimal etti\u011fi otuz \u00fclkede de tescil ettirdi\u011fi dosyaya ibraz edilen belgelerden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2026; Ne var ki Yerel Mahkeme davac\u0131 markas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de maruf ve me\u015fhur hale getirdi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcnyada maruf ve me\u015fhur hale getirdi\u011fini ispat edemedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esi ile davay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. Oysa, davac\u0131n\u0131n markas\u0131n\u0131 \u2026 gibi bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede tescil ettirdi\u011fi b\u00f6ylece d\u00fcnyada maruf ve me\u015fhur hale getirdi\u011finin kabul\u00fc gerekir; davac\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu markay\u0131, daval\u0131ndan \u00e7ok evvel d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131n\u0131p me\u015fhur hale getirdi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrmesine, bu somut olayda markan\u0131n co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ve olayda Paris S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmesine, marka tescili yapt\u0131r\u0131rken basiretli i\u015f adam\u0131 \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermek \u00f6deviyle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc bulunan daval\u0131n\u0131n ilgili \u00e7evrelerce tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f davac\u0131ya ait markay\u0131 bilip bilmedi\u011finin \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131na, davac\u0131 markas\u0131 ile daval\u0131 markas\u0131 aras\u0131nda iltibas bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesine b\u00f6ylece haks\u0131z rekabetin olu\u015fup olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n takdiri ile sonucuna g\u00f6re karar verilmesi\u201d gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n bu karar\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n, tescilli oldu\u011fu \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir markan\u0131n tescilli oldu\u011fu \u00fclke say\u0131s\u0131, markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda do\u011frudan etkili ise de, sadece bu kritere dayanman\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da ortadad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yine Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi 13.03.1998 tarih ve 1997\/5647-1998\/1704 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka, \u201cbir \u015fahsa veya te\u015febb\u00fcse s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde matufiyet, garanti, kalite, kuvvetli reklam, yayg\u0131n bir da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fteri, akraba, dost, d\u00fc\u015fman ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan, co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, ya\u015f fark\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin, ayn\u0131 \u00e7evredeki insanlar taraf\u0131ndan refleks halinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131m olarak tarif etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d \u015feklinde ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesinin 25.09.2000 tarih ve 2000\/6139-7062 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201d davac\u0131n\u0131n markas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede tescilli oldu\u011fu gibi, bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede de tescil ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tescil i\u015fleminin devam etti\u011fi, davac\u0131n\u0131n \u2026 i\u015faretinin marka oldu\u011fu sigaralar \u00fczerinde T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2026 markas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede sigara d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnler ile ilgili tescil ba\u015fvurusunun yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayr\u0131ca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1994-1997 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u2026 markal\u0131 sigaralar ile ilgili T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de reklam ve promosyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka oldu\u011funun saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile\u201d davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar veren Yerel Mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n onanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka konusunda, uluslararas\u0131 boyutta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (W\u0130PO) b\u00fcnyesinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Bir markan\u0131n, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olarak kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in gerekli kriterlerin belirlenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kapsam\u0131nda, 13-16 Kas\u0131m 1995 tarihlerinde yap\u0131lan \u201cTan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Markalar Uzmanlar Komitesi\u201d toplant\u0131s\u0131nda iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

1- Uzmanlar Komitesi taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulacak kriterler do\u011frultusunda tescil Milli Ofisler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak ve bu tescil D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00fcye \u00fclkelere bildirilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- Yine uzmanlar komitesi taraf\u0131ndan belirlenecek kriterler do\u011frultusunda tescil D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu toplant\u0131da benimsenen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler do\u011frultusunda D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir metin olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve bu metin 28-31 Ekim 1996 tarihli Uzmanlar Komitesi toplant\u0131s\u0131nda iki istisna hari\u00e7 benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bu istisnalar;<\/span><\/p>\n

A- Metnin birinci maddesinin 4 nc\u00fc paragraf\u0131ndaki ticaret unvan\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131 ile,<\/span>
\nB- 2 nci maddesinin 1 nci paragraf\u0131ndaki tescilsiz markan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f metin aynen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

Madde 1<\/span>
\nTan\u0131mlar<\/span><\/p>\n

(I) Taraf: Marka tescili ile ilgili devlet veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131 kurulu\u015f<\/span>
\n(II) Ofis: Taraf \u00fclkelerdeki Marka veya di\u011fer tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 i\u015faretleri tescil eden yetkili kurum<\/span>
\n(III) B\u00f6lge: Bir \u00fclke, veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131 organizasyonlar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/span>
\n(IV) Tan\u0131tma \u0130\u015faretleri: Marka, ticaret unvan\u0131, tan\u0131tma sembolleri, logolar\u0131 veya amblemleri<\/span><\/p>\n

Madde 2<\/span>
\nKoruman\u0131n \u015eartlar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

(1) (Tescilsiz Markan\u0131n Korunmas\u0131) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar bir \u00fclkede tescilsiz ve kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu olmaks\u0131z\u0131n korunabilir.<\/span>
\n(2) (Koruman\u0131n Sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alan S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7indeki Bilinmi\u015flik) Koruman\u0131n sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisindeki mal veya hizmetten yararlananlar\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rdeki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan iyi bilinen markalar<\/span>
\n(3) (Kriterler)Bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen kriterlerden biri veya bir ka\u00e7\u0131 dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

(I) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak korunacak markan\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerin potansiyel m\u00fc\u015fterileri<\/span>
\n(II) Mal ve hizmetlerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131,<\/span>
\n(III) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak korunacak markalar\u0131n her hangi bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcresi, yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesi<\/span>
\n(IV) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak korunacak markan\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, (reklam) s\u00fcresi, yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve co\u011frafi alan\u0131,<\/span>
\n(V) Markan\u0131n \u00fczerine konulaca\u011f\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak korunaca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde ve di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisindeki Pazar pay\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Madde 3<\/span>
\nKoruman\u0131n Kapsam\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile ba\u011flant\u0131<\/span>
\na) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka, kendisi ile ili\u015fkili olan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc marka veya di\u011fer tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 i\u015faretlere kar\u015f\u0131 korunur<\/span>
\nb) Her hangi bir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka veya tan\u0131tma i\u015faretinin kendisi terc\u00fcmesini veya \u00f6nemli bir unsurunun ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yaracak bi\u00e7imde, ayn\u0131 mal ve hizmetlerde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/span>
\nc) Paragraf (b) de bahsedilenlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda her hangi bir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka veya tan\u0131tma i\u015faretinin kendisi, terc\u00fcmesi veya \u00f6nemli bir unsurunun ayn\u0131s\u0131 veya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k yaratabilecek \u015fekilde farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fartlardan en az birinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla \u00f6nleyecektir.<\/span>
\n(I) Farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131lacak olsa bile, bu mal ve hizmetlerin marka sahibi ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabilecek ise,<\/span>
\n(II) Farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131lacak olsa bile, markan\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici karakterine zarar veriyor ise,<\/span>
\n(III) Farkl\u0131 mal veya hizmetlerde kullan\u0131lacak olsa bile, markan\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici karakterinden haks\u0131z bir yarar sa\u011flanabilecek ise,<\/span><\/p>\n

2) (Tescilin reddi) Ofisler tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan marka ve di\u011fer tan\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 i\u015faretlere ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurular\u0131 reddedecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

3) (\u0130tiraz \u0130\u015flemleri) Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka ile ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan marka veya di\u011fer ay\u0131rt edici i\u015faretlere ili\u015fkin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere de itiraz hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu toplant\u0131dan sonra, komitenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 devam etmi\u015f ve 20-29 Eyl\u00fcl 1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 Y\u00f6netim Birimleri Toplant\u0131s\u0131nda, bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fclkelerin delegelerinin baz\u0131 maddelerine kat\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 ortak bir karar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve A\/34\/13 no lu dok\u00fcman olarak taraf \u00fclkelerce benimsenmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkelerin tavsiye niteli\u011finde uymas\u0131 gereken ve bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verirken dikkate almas\u0131nda yarara bulunan bu ortak karar konusunda serbest b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu dok\u00fcman kapsam\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131na \u00fcye 120 \u00fclke;<\/span><\/p>\n

1-a) Taraf \u00fclkelerin idari ya da yarg\u0131lama yetkisine sahip kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, her hangi bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (iyi bilinen) marka olmas\u0131na karar verirken, markan\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na (bilinmesine) destek olan her durumu dikkate alacaklar\u0131,<\/span>
\n1-b) Taraf \u00fclkelerin idari ya da yarg\u0131lama yetkisine sahip kurulu\u015flar\u0131n, her hangi markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (iyi bilinen) marka olmas\u0131na karar verirken bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmamak \u00fczere,<\/span>
\nHalk aras\u0131nda ilgili sekt\u00f6rde s\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n bilinme ya da tan\u0131nma derecesini<\/span>
\nS\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi, derecesi ve co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesini,<\/span>
\nS\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn veya hizmetlerin sergilerdeki tan\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131, reklam ve sunumlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi, derecesi ve co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesini,<\/span>
\nS\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ba\u015fka tescillerin ve\/veya tescil ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresi ve co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgesini<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n etkili korunmas\u0131n\u0131n belgeleri \u00f6zellikle Taraf \u00fclkelerin idari ya da yarg\u0131lama yetkisine sahip kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, markay\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olarak tan\u0131malar\u0131n\u0131n derecesini,<\/span>
\nMarka ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen de\u011feri dikkate alacaklar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Hususunu benimsemi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu toplant\u0131da ayr\u0131ca,<\/span><\/p>\n

1-c) Her hangi bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (iyi bilinen) marka olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verecek olan yetkili otoritelere bir rehber ya da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak \u00fczere, yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan fakt\u00f6rlerin, \u00f6n ko\u015fullar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, baz\u0131 durumlarda t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, baz\u0131 durumlarda bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yeterli oldu\u011fu, kimi durumlarda ise yukar\u0131da say\u0131lanlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinin de\u011ferlendirilmeyip bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki etkenlerin de\u011ferlendirilerek tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k karar\u0131 verilebilece\u011fi, bu t\u00fcr ek etmenlerin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya da yukar\u0131da say\u0131lanlar\u0131n bir veya bir ka\u00e7\u0131 ile birlikte dikkate al\u0131nabilece\u011fi de<\/span><\/p>\n

Kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen dok\u00fcmanda,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lgili sekt\u00f6r;<\/span><\/p>\n

Markan\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal ya da hizmetlerin ger\u00e7ek ya da potansiyel t\u00fcketicileri<\/span>
\nMarkan\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal ya da hizmetlerin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kanallar\u0131ndaki g\u00f6revli ki\u015filer<\/span>
\nMarkan\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mal ya da hizmetlerle ilgili olan i\u015f \u00e7evreleridir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eeklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Fikri M\u00fclkiyet Te\u015fkilat\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu markan\u0131n en az bir ilgili sekt\u00f6rde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f (iyi bilinen) olmas\u0131n\u0131n markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilmesine yeterli kabul edilece\u011fini benimsemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka oldu\u011funa kimlerin karar vermesi gerekti\u011fi konusunda A\/34\/13 say\u0131l\u0131 dok\u00fcman\u0131n 1-b) maddesine \u201ctaraf \u00fclkelerin idari ya da yarg\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yetkili kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n her hangi bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka olmas\u0131na karar verirken\u201d \u015feklinde getirilen a\u00e7\u0131klama ile, bu konudaki karar yetkisinin idari makam olarak T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne ve yarg\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yetkili makam olarak Fikri ve S\u0131nai Haklar Hukuk Mahkemesi oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc yap\u0131lan marka ba\u015fvurular\u0131n\u0131 ve bu ba\u015fvurularla ilgili itirazlar\u0131 incelerken bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir marka olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleme yetkisine sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, her hangi bir yarar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, sadece bir markan\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun tespiti yolunda bir talebin, Enstit\u00fcce inceleme konusu yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bir marka ba\u015fvurusunun tescili talebine kar\u015f\u0131, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k iddias\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan bir itiraz\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, Enstit\u00fc ibraz edilen belgeler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k iddias\u0131n\u0131 incelemek ve karara ba\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yarg\u0131 mercilerinin de tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka konusunda inceleme yapmas\u0131 ve karar vermesi, yine ayn\u0131 dok\u00fcman do\u011frultusunda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mahkemelerce bu t\u00fcr kararlar\u0131n verildi\u011fi, yukar\u0131da \u00f6rneklerini sundu\u011fumuz kararlardan da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Burada tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken konu, mahkemelerce tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti talebi ile a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar\u0131n dinlenip dinlenemeyece\u011fidir. Bizce, nas\u0131l ki T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc tek ba\u015f\u0131na tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti y\u00f6n\u00fcnde gelen talepleri inceleme konusu yapmamal\u0131 ise, mahkemelerce de bu durum aynen benimsenmeli, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti talebi ile has\u0131ms\u0131z olarak veya T\u00fcrk Patent Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc has\u0131m g\u00f6sterilerek a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar dinlenmemelidir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi 11.11.1996 tarih ve 7585-7774 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile; kural olarak T\u00fcrk hukuku a\u00e7\u0131lacak yerde tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 556 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 7\/\u0131 maddesinde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan marka olarak tescil edilemeyecekleri belirtilmi\u015f olup, ayn\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin 42\/a bendinden tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markalar\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan marka olarak tescilinde yetkili mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na karar verilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, bu maddelerde tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n tespitine karar verilece\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almamakta aksine tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f markan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan marka olarak tescili yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu markan\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na karar verilece\u011fi ve ba\u015fvuru halinde marka olarak tescil edilemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir\u201d sonucuna varan Ankara Asliye 6. Ticaret Mahkemesi\u2019nce verilen karar\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Ankara Barosu FMR Dergisi 2001\/2 say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Av. Samiye EYUBO\u011eLU<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu yaz\u0131da, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu Uluslar aras\u0131 Anla\u015fmalar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f marka konusunda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00fczenlemelerle ilgili yorumlara, ayr\u0131ca uluslar aras\u0131 d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara yer verilmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, markalar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan mevzuat, 27.06.1995 tarih ve 22326 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131nlanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 556 Say\u0131l\u0131 Markalar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnamedir. … Continue reading Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Marka Kriterleri<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makalelervesunuslar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=407"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":767,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407\/revisions\/767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eyubogluas.com.tr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}